Some Observations On The Influence Of Byzantine Institutions On Ottoman Institutions

CONTENTS PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION I. Mehmed Fuad Köprülü and His Work II. Köprülü's Work on Byzantine and Ottoman Institutions III. Translator's Note SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF BYZANTİNE INSTİTUTİONS ON OTTOMAN INSTİTUTİONS I. Opinions about Byzantine Influence on Ottoman Institutions II. The Arguments Used by Those Who Accept This Influence and Their Errors III. Hovv and YVhere One Must Look for the Origins of Ottoman Institutions IV. The Origin of Various Institutions Which are Alleged to Have Passed from Byzantium to the Ottomans and the Historical Stages Through Which They Passed until the Conquest of Constantinople A. The Grand Vizirate B. The Dual Beylerbeylik C. The Kâdiaskerlik D. The Reisülküttâb and Nişancı E. The Defterdarlık F. The Kaptanpaşalık G. The Chief Eunuchs H. Çavuşes I. The Tax System J. The Timar System K. The Organization of the Army L. Concepts of Empire and Sovereignty M. The Question of the Crescent N. Other Administrative Institutions 1. The Bureaucracy 2. The Use of Greek in State Correspondence 3. Administrative Divisions and the Şehremaneti O. Customs of the Palace 1. Distributing Gratuities upon Accession to the Throne 2. The Custom of Applause 3. Public Amusements and Banquets 4. Fetihnâmes 5. The Custom of Giving a Robe of Honor 6. Methods of Humiliating Someone 7. The Words "Alay" and "Efendi" P. Byzantine Influence on Material Civilization and Economic Life V. The Conclusions Reached from This Study VI. Byzantine Reiations with the Müslim Turkish World before the Ottomans and Some Observations on Their Mutual Influence on Each Other POSTSCRIPT BIBLIOGRAPHY